Linganisha mbinu

	Jaribio Lililodhibitiwa kwa Nasibu (RCT)	Muundo Unaobadilika wa Jaribio la Kliniki
Nyanja	Muundo wa Majaribio	Muundo wa Majaribio
Familia	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
Mwaka wa asili	1948	1994
Mwanzilishi	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)	Bauer & Köhne
Aina	Interventional comparative study	Adaptive hypothesis test with interim analyses
Chanzo asilia	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.	Bauer, P. & Köhne, K. (1994). Evaluation of Experiments with Adaptive Interim Analyses. Biometrics, 50(4), 1029–1041.
Majina mbadala	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı	adaptive design, group sequential design, sample size re-estimation, platform trial
Zinazohusiana	7	3
Muhtasari	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).	Adaptive clinical trial design is a flexible experimental framework, formalised by Bauer and Köhne in 1994, in which pre-specified rules allow the trial to be modified mid-course — adjusting sample size, treatment arms, or randomisation ratios — based on accumulating interim data while rigorously controlling the Type I error rate.