Linganisha mbinu

	Vigezo vya Uaminifu Katika Utafiti wa Kiasi	Reflexivity in Qualitative Research
Nyanja	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1985	1990
Mwanzilishi	Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba	Anthony Giddens and Pierre Bourdieu
Aina	Framework	Concept
Chanzo asilia	Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0803924314	Finlay, L. (2002). Outing the researcher: The provenance, process, and practice of reflexivity. Qualitative Health Research, 12(4), 531-545.
Majina mbadala	trustworthiness criteria, credibility, dependability, confirmability	reflexive practice, researcher reflexivity, positionality, reflective practice
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Trustworthiness is a framework for evaluating the quality and rigor of qualitative research, developed by Lincoln and Guba (1985) as an alternative to quantitative criteria (internal validity, external validity, reliability, objectivity). The framework comprises five criteria: credibility (findings are accurate and grounded in data), transferability (findings apply to other contexts), dependability (findings are consistent and defensible), confirmability (findings reflect the data and participants' perspectives, not researcher bias), and authenticity (research reflects diverse viewpoints and promotes understanding). This framework has become standard for assessing qualitative research across disciplines and guides researchers in designing and reporting rigorous qualitative studies.	Reflexivity is the practice of examining how the researcher's identity, assumptions, relationships, and values influence the research process and findings. Rather than treating objectivity as achievable detachment, reflexivity acknowledges that the researcher is embedded within the research and cannot be fully separated from it. Originating in sociology and anthropology, reflexivity has become central to qualitative research rigor across disciplines. Reflexive researchers critically examine their own influence at each stage: research design, participant recruitment, data collection, interpretation, and presentation. This transparency strengthens rigor by making visible the lens through which data are collected and interpreted.