Linganisha mbinu

	Quality of Life in Epilepsy-89 (QOLIE-89)	Kiwango cha Modified Rankin (mRS)
Nyanja	Neurolojia	Neurolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1995	1988
Mwanzilishi	Orrin Devinsky, NYU	Rankin scale original (Rankin, 1957); modified version by van Swieten et al.
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Clinician-rated ordinal scale
Chanzo asilia	Devinsky, O., Vickrey, B. G., Cramer, J., Edwards, B., Perrine, K., Hamberger, M. J., & Towle, V. L. (1995). Development of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory. Epilepsia, 36(11), 1089-1104.	van Swieten, J. C., Koudstaal, P. J., Visser, M. C., Schouten, H. J., & van Gijn, J. (1988). Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke, 19(5), 604-607.
Majina mbadala	QoLIE-89	mRS, Rankin Scale, Modified Rankin
Zinazohusiana	3	4
Muhtasari	The QOLIE-89 is a comprehensive disease-specific quality-of-life instrument developed specifically for people with epilepsy. Introduced by Devinsky and colleagues in 1995, it captures the broad impact of epilepsy on physical, emotional, social, and cognitive functioning. With 89 items organized into 17 distinct domains, it remains one of the most detailed QoL assessments for epilepsy and is widely used in clinical trials, health services research, and outcome monitoring.	The Modified Rankin Scale is a simple 0-6 ordinal measure of global disability or dependency in patients with stroke and other neurological conditions. Originally developed by Rankin in 1957 and modified by van Swieten and colleagues in 1988, it remains the most widely used global disability outcome in stroke clinical trials and clinical practice. Its simplicity, brevity, and strong prognostic association make it the gold standard for acute stroke outcome measurement and is mandated as a primary endpoint in virtually all stroke therapeutic trials.