Linganisha mbinu

	Punctuated Equilibrium Analysis	Narrative Policy Framework
Nyanja	Public Policy	Public Policy
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1993	2010
Mwanzilishi	Frank Baumgartner & Bryan Jones	Michael D. Jones & Mark K. McBeth
Aina	Theory of the policy process	Theory of the policy process emphasising policy narratives
Chanzo asilia	Baumgartner, F. R., & Jones, B. D. (1993). Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 9780226039398	Jones, M. D., & McBeth, M. K. (2010). A narrative policy framework: Clear enough to be wrong? Policy Studies Journal, 38(2), 329–353.
Majina mbadala	PET, Punctuated Equilibrium Theory, Baumgartner-Jones Theory	NPF, Jones-McBeth Narrative Policy Framework, Policy Narrative Analysis
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET), developed by Frank Baumgartner and Bryan Jones in their 1993 book Agendas and Instability in American Politics, explains how policymaking is characterised by long periods of stability and incremental change interrupted by brief, dramatic bursts of major change. Borrowing the metaphor from evolutionary biology, it argues that the way an issue is understood (its 'policy image') and the institutional 'venue' in which it is handled normally reinforce a stable equilibrium — until attention shifts, the image is reframed, and rapid, large-scale change punctuates the calm.	The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) is a theory of the policy process, introduced by Michael D. Jones and Mark K. McBeth in 2010, that treats policy narratives as a measurable, central force in policymaking. Against the long-held view that narratives are purely subjective and beyond empirical study, the NPF holds that policy stories have an identifiable structure — setting, characters, plot and a moral or policy solution — and content shaped by belief systems, and that this structure can be coded and tested systematically. It studies how such narratives shape opinion and policy outcomes across the individual, group and cultural-institutional levels.