Linganisha mbinu

	Meta-etnografia yenye msingi wa itifaki	Mapitio ya Upeo
Nyanja	Saintometriki	Saintometriki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1988 (meta-ethnography); protocol-based practice formalised 2010s	2005
Mwanzilishi	Noblit & Hare (meta-ethnography); protocol registration formalised through PROSPERO and eMERGe guidance	Hilary Arksey & Lisa O'Malley
Aina	Qualitative evidence synthesis with pre-registered protocol	Evidence synthesis review design
Chanzo asilia	Noblit, G. W., & Hare, R. D. (1988). Meta-Ethnography: Synthesizing Qualitative Studies. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803930742	Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32.
Majina mbadala	pre-registered meta-ethnography, prospero meta-ethnography, registered qualitative synthesis, protocol-driven meta-ethnography	scoping study, literature scoping, evidence mapping review, rapid evidence map
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	Protocol-based meta-ethnography is a structured qualitative evidence synthesis that follows Noblit and Hare's meta-ethnography method while requiring a pre-registered, publicly available protocol — typically on PROSPERO — before the review is conducted. Pre-registration constrains post-hoc decision-making, enhances methodological transparency, and aligns qualitative synthesis with the rigour standards now expected by leading journals and funders.	A scoping review is a systematic evidence-synthesis method that maps the breadth and nature of research on a topic — identifying key concepts, evidence types, and gaps — without necessarily appraising study quality or pooling effect sizes. Developed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and refined by Levac and colleagues (2010), it is particularly valuable for emerging or heterogeneous fields where a full systematic review would be premature or infeasible.