Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Matukio Yanayoshindana kwa Tarehe za Baadaye	Uchanganuzi wa Unusurika wa Matarajio
Nyanja	Epidemiolojia	Epidemiolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1978–1999 (foundational frameworks; prospective application standard by 2000s)	1958–1972 (foundational methods); prospective design emphasis formalized by 1980s
Mwanzilishi	Fine & Gray (subdistribution hazard model, 1999); Prentice, Kalbfleisch et al. (cause-specific hazard, 1978)	Kaplan & Meier (estimator, 1958); Cox (proportional hazards model, 1972); prospective design formalised in modern clinical epidemiology
Aina	Observational analytic study with event-time statistical analysis	Longitudinal observational or experimental study design with time-to-event analysis
Chanzo asilia	Fine, J. P., & Gray, R. J. (1999). A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), 496–509.	Kleinbaum, D. G., & Klein, M. (2012). Survival Analysis: A Self-Learning Text (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1441966452
Majina mbadala	prospective CRA, prospective subdistribution hazard analysis, prospective cause-specific hazard analysis, forward-looking competing events analysis	prospective time-to-event analysis, prospective failure-time analysis, forward-looking survival study, prospective event-time study
Zinazohusiana	4	5
Muhtasari	Prospective competing risks analysis is an observational study design that follows participants forward in time from a well-defined starting point, recording all events — including those that prevent the primary event from occurring — and then estimates cause-specific incidence while correctly accounting for competing outcomes. It combines the temporal clarity of prospective cohort follow-up with the statistical rigor of competing risks methodology to avoid the overestimation inherent in standard Kaplan-Meier curves when multiple event types are present.	Prospective survival analysis is a longitudinal study design in which participants are enrolled before the event of interest occurs, followed forward in time under standardised conditions, and analysed using survival-analytic methods to estimate the time until a defined clinical endpoint — such as death, disease recurrence, or treatment failure. Because data are collected prospectively, exposure and covariate information are recorded before outcomes are known, substantially reducing recall and selection bias relative to retrospective approaches.