Linganisha mbinu

	Sampuli ya Nguzo Sawia	Usampulishaji wa Hatua Nyingi
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1950s–1960s	1950s–1960s (formalized in Kish 1965 and Cochran 1977)
Mwanzilishi	Formalized by William G. Cochran and Leslie Kish	Leslie Kish; William G. Cochran
Aina	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
Chanzo asilia	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471109495
Majina mbadala	PPS cluster sampling, proportional-to-size cluster sampling, size-proportional cluster sampling, probability proportional to size sampling	multistage cluster sampling, multi-stage sampling, nested sampling, hierarchical sampling
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Proportional cluster sampling selects naturally occurring groups (clusters) from a population with probability proportional to each cluster's size, so that larger clusters have a higher chance of selection while every individual element retains an equal overall inclusion probability. This design efficiently handles large, geographically dispersed populations and is the backbone of national health, education, and social surveys worldwide.	Multistage sampling is a probability-based design that selects a sample by working through two or more successive levels of a population hierarchy — for example, first selecting regions, then districts within those regions, then households within those districts. It makes large-scale surveys practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when the population is geographically dispersed, by concentrating fieldwork within a manageable number of sampled units at each stage.