Linganisha mbinu

	Process Tracing	Uchambuzi Linganishi wa Kulingana wa Kiasi cha Seti-Futi
Nyanja	Saikometriki	Saikometriki
Familia	Latent structure	Latent structure
Mwaka wa asili	2005	2000
Mwanzilishi	Alexander George, Andrew Bennett	Charles Ragin
Aina	Qualitative causal inference	Set-theoretic configurational method
Chanzo asilia	Bennett, A., & Checkel, J. T. (Eds.). (2015). Process Tracing: From Metaphor to Analytic Tool. Cambridge University Press.	Ragin, C. C. (2008). Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond. University of Chicago Press.
Majina mbadala	—	fsQCA, FSQCA
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	Process Tracing is a qualitative research method developed by George and Bennett (2005) for studying causal mechanisms and causal chains within individual cases. It involves examining the sequence of events and decision-making processes within a case to infer whether a hypothesized causal mechanism actually operated. Process tracing aims to strengthen causal inference in case studies by looking beyond correlation to understand how causes produce effects.	Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) is a set-theoretic method developed by Charles Ragin in the early 2000s that combines the configurational logic of qualitative case studies with the mathematical rigor of fuzzy sets. It bridges qualitative and quantitative research by allowing researchers to examine causal complexity through combinations of conditions (configurations) rather than isolated variables.