Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Maeneo ya Shida katika Ugonjwa wa Kisukari (PAID)	Kipimo cha Hofu ya Hypoglycemia (HFS)
Nyanja	Kadiolojia	Kadiolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1995	1987
Mwanzilishi	William H. Polonsky	Daniel J. Cox
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Welch, G. W., Weinger, K., Anderson, B., & Polonsky, W. H. (1997). Responsiveness of the Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) questionnaire. Diabetes Care, 20(5), 696–702.	Cox, D. J., Irvine, A., Gonder-Frederick, L., Nowacek, G., & Butterfield, G. (1987). Fear of hypoglycemia: Quantification, validation, and utilization. Diabetes Care, 10(5), 617–621.
Majina mbadala	PAID	HFS, HFS-II
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID) is a 20-item self-report measure that assesses emotional and behavioral problems related to diabetes self-management, including worries about complications, regimen burden, social and family challenges, and emotional distress. Originally developed by Polonsky and colleagues in 1995, the PAID has been extensively validated and remains one of the most widely used diabetes-specific emotional assessment tools in research and clinical practice, particularly for identifying psychosocial barriers to optimal diabetes control.	The Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS) is a self-report measure that quantifies fear of, anxiety about, and behavioral responses to hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Originally developed by Cox and colleagues in 1987 and revised (HFS-II) in 1993, the HFS captures the emotional and behavioral impact of hypoglycemia risk, particularly the tendency to run higher blood glucose to avoid episodes, making it essential for understanding a major barrier to optimal glucose control in insulin-dependent diabetes.