Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Majaribio ya Kimatendo yenye Mikono Mingi× | Jaribio la Kisasa la Kidhibiti cha Nasibu× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Muundo wa Majaribio | Muundo wa Majaribio |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1967 (pragmatic trial concept); multi-arm extensions 1990s–2000s | 1967 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic framing); extended to multi-arm settings in clinical and health services research | Daniel Schwartz and Joseph Lellouch |
| Aina≠ | Experimental design | Experimental design — pragmatic trial |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., ... & Chalkidou, K. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(5), 464-475. DOI ↗ | Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | pragmatic multi-arm trial, multi-arm pragmatic RCT, pragmatic multi-treatment experiment, PMAT | pRCT, pragmatic trial, practical clinical trial, real-world RCT |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 6 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | A pragmatic multi-arm experiment is an experimental design that simultaneously compares three or more interventions (arms) under real-world conditions rather than tightly controlled laboratory settings. It combines the broad eligibility, flexible delivery, and effectiveness orientation of pragmatic trials with the statistical efficiency of multi-arm structures, allowing researchers to evaluate multiple treatments or treatment variants against each other or a control within a single study, minimizing the resources and time required relative to running separate pairwise trials. | A pragmatic randomized controlled trial (pRCT) tests whether an intervention works under ordinary, real-world conditions — broad eligibility, flexible delivery, and routine care settings. Participants are still randomly assigned to treatment or control, preserving causal inference, but the study is designed to reflect the diversity and variability of actual practice rather than the ideal conditions of an explanatory trial. The defining framework is the PRECIS-2 tool, which maps any RCT along nine pragmatic-to-explanatory dimensions. |
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