Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Pragmatic Kaplan-Meier	Kipimo cha Log-Rank cha Kulinganisha Milia ya Uhai
Nyanja	Epidemiolojia	Uchanganuzi wa Uhai
Familia	Process / pipeline	Survival analysis
Mwaka wa asili	1958 (estimator); pragmatic application formalized 1967 onward	1966
Mwanzilishi	Kaplan & Meier (estimator, 1958); Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic trial framework, 1967)	Mantel, N.
Aina	Non-parametric survival estimator within pragmatic study design	Non-parametric hypothesis test
Chanzo asilia	Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1958). Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(282), 457–481.	Mantel, N. (1966). Evaluation of Survival Data and Two New Rank Order Statistics Arising in Its Consideration. Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, 50(3), 163–170.
Majina mbadala	pragmatic KM analysis, real-world Kaplan-Meier, pragmatic survival curve estimation, KM analysis in pragmatic trials	Mantel log-rank test, Mantel-Cox test, log-rank sağkalım testi, Log-Rank Testi
Zinazohusiana	5	2
Muhtasari	Pragmatic Kaplan-Meier analysis applies the non-parametric Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator to time-to-event data collected under real-world or pragmatic conditions — diverse populations, routine clinical care, minimal exclusions, and standard-of-care comparators. Unlike explanatory trials designed to isolate a treatment effect under ideal conditions, pragmatic designs accept real-world heterogeneity, and the resulting survival curves reflect the effectiveness of an intervention as it actually performs in clinical practice.	The log-rank test, developed by Nathan Mantel in 1966, is a non-parametric hypothesis test that compares the overall survival experience of two or more groups throughout the entire follow-up period. It is the standard companion to Kaplan-Meier curves and determines whether observed differences between curves are statistically meaningful.