Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Uundaji wa Kipimo cha Polytomous× | Uundaji wa Kipimo× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikometriki | Saikometriki |
| Familia | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1969–1982 | 1991–1995 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Samejima, F.; Masters, G. N. (independently) | Multiple contributors; codified by Robert DeVellis and Lee Anna Clark & David Watson |
| Aina≠ | Psychometric scale construction | Multi-step methodological framework |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Embretson, S. E. & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805828191 | DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1506341569 |
| Majina mbadala | polytomous item development, ordered-category scale construction, rating scale development, multi-category item development | questionnaire construction, instrument development, measurement scale construction, psychometric scale building |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 6 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Polytomous scale development is the systematic construction and validation of measurement instruments whose items have three or more ordered response categories — such as Likert-type, rating, or partial-credit items. It applies polytomous item response theory models or ordinal factor analysis methods to evaluate item quality, estimate latent trait levels, and build a psychometrically sound scale. | Scale development is a structured, multi-step process for creating psychometrically sound measurement instruments that capture latent psychological constructs. It encompasses construct definition, item generation, expert review, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability estimation, and validity evidence collection — producing a final set of items suitable for quantitative research. |
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