Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Imani ya Kisiasa	Kiwango cha Uvumilivu wa Mpiga Kura
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Siasa	Saikolojia ya Siasa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1974	1960
Mwanzilishi	Arthur H. Miller	Angus Campbell et al.
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Miller, A. H. (1974). Political issues and trust in government: 1964-1970. American Political Science Review, 68(3), 951-972.	Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Majina mbadala	PTS, Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) Trust Module	PCS, Political Efficacy Cynicism, Electoral System Cynicism
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Political Trust Scale measures citizen confidence in government institutions, elected officials, and the political system's responsiveness and fairness. Pioneered by Miller (1974) and operationalized across comparative electoral studies (CSES Module 5), the scale captures both diffuse trust (in the political system generally) and specific trust (in particular institutions such as parliament or the executive). It is central to understanding democratic legitimacy, political engagement, and support for democratic institutions.	The Voter Cynicism Scale measures citizen skepticism and disillusionment regarding the political process, including beliefs that the electoral system is rigged, politicians are self-serving, and voting does not matter. The measure captures a pessimistic orientation toward electoral democracy distinct from distrust in institutions (which can coexist with belief in democratic potential) or political alienation. Rooted in Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960) tradition of measuring political efficacy and cynicism, the scale remains central to understanding voter turnout decline, support for populist alternatives, and democratic legitimacy crises.