Linganisha mbinu

	Politeness Analysis	Uchanganuzi wa Mazungumzo
Nyanja	Isimu	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1987	Late 1960s–1974 (foundational lectures 1964–1972; landmark article 1974)
Mwanzilishi	Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson	Harvey Sacks, Emanuel Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson
Aina	Qualitative analysis of linguistic politeness via face theory	Qualitative research method
Chanzo asilia	Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521313551	Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50(4), 696–735.
Majina mbadala	Face Theory Analysis, Politeness Strategy Analysis, Linguistic Politeness Analysis	CA, talk-in-interaction, sequential analysis, interactional analysis
Zinazohusiana	4	6
Muhtasari	Politeness analysis is the qualitative method of examining how speakers manage face — the public self-image people claim — when they perform acts that threaten it. Anchored in Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson's influential face theory, the analyst locates face-threatening acts in interaction, codes the strategy chosen to soften (or not soften) them, and relates that choice to the weight of the threat as a function of social distance, relative power, and the ranking of the imposition. The framework's enduring scheme of strategies — bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record — gives politeness phenomena a systematic, comparable description.	Conversation Analysis (CA) is a qualitative research method that examines the fine-grained sequential structure of naturally occurring talk and social interaction. Developed by sociologists Harvey Sacks, Emanuel Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson in the 1960s and 1970s, CA investigates how participants in a conversation accomplish social actions — such as invitations, refusals, or diagnoses — through the precise moment-by-moment organisation of their talk, including turn-taking, sequence structure, repair, and recipient design.