Linganisha mbinu

	Policy Scenario System Dynamics	Mfumo wa Mienendo ya Mawakala
Nyanja	Uigaji	Uigaji
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1960s–1990s	2000s
Mwanzilishi	Forrester, J. W. (system dynamics); scenario integration formalized by Sterman and others	Borshchev, A. & Filippov, A. (hybrid formalization); Sterman, J. D. (system dynamics foundation)
Aina	Simulation-based policy analysis	Hybrid simulation model
Chanzo asilia	Sterman, J. D. (2000). Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World. McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 9780072389159	Borshchev, A., & Filippov, A. (2004). From system dynamics and discrete event to practical agent based modeling: Reasons, techniques, tools. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference of the System Dynamics Society. Oxford, UK.
Majina mbadala	PSSD, Policy SD Simulation, Scenario-Based System Dynamics, Policy Systems Modeling	AB-SD, Hybrid ABM-SD, Agent-based SD, Multi-level hybrid simulation
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Policy Scenario System Dynamics combines system dynamics modeling with structured scenario analysis to evaluate how different policy interventions affect complex, feedback-driven systems over time. By running multiple policy scenarios through a calibrated stock-and-flow model, analysts can compare long-run outcomes, identify leverage points, and anticipate unintended consequences before real-world implementation.	Agent-based system dynamics (AB-SD) is a hybrid simulation paradigm that couples agent-based modeling (ABM) at the micro level with system dynamics (SD) stock-and-flow structures at the macro level. This allows researchers to capture emergent individual behavior and feedback-driven aggregate dynamics within a single coherent model, making it especially valuable for complex socio-economic and epidemiological systems.