Linganisha mbinu

	Tathmini ya Sera Muundo wa Kukatizwa kwa Regresi	Ulinganishaji wa Alama ya Mwelekeo
Nyanja	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi	Takwimu za Utafiti
Familia	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1960; policy evaluation applications widespread from 2000s	1983
Mwanzilishi	Thistlethwaite & Campbell (1960); popularized in policy evaluation by Lee & Lemieux (2010)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
Aina	Quasi-experimental causal design	Method
Chanzo asilia	Lee, D. S., & Lemieux, T. (2010). Regression Discontinuity Designs in Economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 48(2), 281-355.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
Majina mbadala	Policy RDD, RD design in policy evaluation, regression discontinuity policy analysis, RDD policy impact	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
Zinazohusiana	5	3
Muhtasari	Policy Evaluation Regression Discontinuity Design (Policy RDD) exploits a known eligibility threshold in a policy rule to estimate the causal effect of that policy on outcomes. Units just below the cutoff serve as a credible comparison group for units just above it, making RDD one of the most transparent quasi-experimental strategies for assessing what a policy actually achieves.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.