Linganisha mbinu

	Tathmini ya Sera Tofauti-katika-Tofauti	Njia ya Kidhibiti Sanisi (SCM)
Nyanja	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1978-2009	2003–2010
Mwanzilishi	Ashenfelter (1978); Heckman, LaLonde & Smith (1999); Imbens & Wooldridge (2009)	Alberto Abadie & Javier Gardeazabal (2003); Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller (2010)
Aina	Quasi-experimental / policy evaluation	Quasi-experimental causal inference
Chanzo asilia	Imbens, G. W., & Wooldridge, J. M. (2009). Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation. Journal of Economic Literature, 47(1), 5-86.	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.
Majina mbadala	policy DiD, program evaluation DiD, policy impact DiD, DiD policy assessment	SCM, synthetic control, synth estimator, Abadie-Diamond-Hainmueller method
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Policy Evaluation DiD applies the difference-in-differences estimator specifically to assess the causal impact of government programs, regulations, or policy reforms. It compares outcome changes in a group exposed to the policy against a comparable untreated group, before and after the policy took effect, isolating the net policy effect from pre-existing trends and time-common shocks.	The Synthetic Control Method estimates the causal effect of a treatment or policy on a single treated unit by constructing a weighted combination of untreated units — the synthetic control — that closely resembles the treated unit before the intervention. The gap between the treated unit and its synthetic counterpart after the intervention is the estimated treatment effect.