Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Fito za Plastiki	Nadharia ya Mistari ya Mvunjiko
Nyanja	Uhandisi wa Ujenzi	Uhandisi wa Ujenzi
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1914–1950s (Kazinczy 1914; Baker et al. 1956)	1943 (doctoral thesis, Danish); 1962 (English translation)
Mwanzilishi	Multiple contributors (Kazinczy, Kist, Baker, Horne, Neal)	K. W. Johansen
Aina	Structural analysis method	Structural analysis method (plasticity-based)
Chanzo asilia	Chen, W. F., & Sohal, A. S. (1995). Plastic Design and Second-Order Analysis of Steel Frames. Springer. ISBN: 978-0387944319	Johansen, K. W. (1962). Yield-Line Theory. Cement and Concrete Association, London.
Majina mbadala	plastic hinge method, plastic collapse analysis, limit state plastic analysis, yield hinge analysis	yield-line analysis, yield-line method, Johansen yield-line method, plastic slab analysis
Zinazohusiana	3	1
Muhtasari	Plastic hinge analysis is a structural engineering method that determines the load-carrying capacity of a structure by tracking the sequential formation of plastic hinges — localised zones where a cross-section has fully yielded — until a kinematic collapse mechanism is formed. Rooted in plastic theory, it provides a more economical and realistic estimate of ultimate structural capacity than purely elastic approaches, and is widely used in the design and assessment of steel frames, reinforced concrete beams, and other ductile structural systems.	Yield Line Theory is a plastic limit-analysis method used in structural civil engineering to determine the ultimate load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete slabs. Developed by K. W. Johansen in the 1940s, it assumes that at failure the slab subdivides into rigid regions separated by lines of intense plastic rotation — called yield lines — where the reinforcement has fully yielded. The approach gives the collapse load directly and is widely used in slab design and assessment.