Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimio cha PERMA	Maswali ya Kipimo cha Maana ya Maisha
Nyanja	Saikolojia Chanya	Saikolojia Chanya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2016	2006
Mwanzilishi	James Butler and Margaret Kern	Michael Steger
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1–48.	Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Kaler, M., & Oishi, S. (2006). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 80–92.
Majina mbadala	PERMA Profiler, PERMA Model	MLQ
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The PERMA-Profiler is a 23-item multidimensional measure of flourishing developed by Butler and Kern in 2016 based on Seligman's PERMA model of positive psychology. It assesses five core domains of human flourishing—Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment—plus Negative Emotion and Loneliness as contextual factors. This instrument bridges the theoretical PERMA framework with practical measurement, enabling comprehensive assessment of psychological well-being across multiple life dimensions.	The Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) is a 10-item self-report measure developed by Steger and colleagues in 2006 to assess both the presence of meaning and the active search for meaning in life. It addresses a core existential dimension of well-being: the degree to which individuals experience their life as purposeful and meaningful. The MLQ distinguishes presence of meaning from search for meaning, revealing that growth and psychological adjustment can involve active meaning-seeking even when current meaning-presence is lower.