Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Msongo wa Mawazo Unaoonekana× | Kiwango cha Uchovu wa Kihisia× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Tabia ya Shirika | Tabia ya Shirika |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1983 | 1981 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Sheldon Cohen, Tom Kamarck, and Robin Mermelstein | Christina Maslach and Susan E. Jackson |
| Aina | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396. DOI ↗ | Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | PSS | MBI-EE, Emotional Exhaustion Subscale |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), developed by Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein in 1983, is the most widely used measure of subjective stress in research and clinical practice. Available in 10-item (PSS-10) and 14-item (PSS-14) versions, the PSS assesses the degree to which individuals perceive situations as unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overwhelming. The scale captures stress as a result of how people interpret and react to life events rather than the events themselves. | The Emotional Exhaustion subscale is one of three core dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), developed by Maslach and Jackson in 1981. Emotional exhaustion represents the first stage of burnout, characterized by feeling emotionally drained, fatigued, and depleted as a result of work. The nine-item subscale measures the frequency of exhaustion, energy depletion, and tiredness. It is the strongest dimension of burnout, most closely predicting negative outcomes such as intent to leave, absenteeism, and health problems. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
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