Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Ushiriki wa Mgonjwa	Kiwango cha Ushiriki wa Afya ya Simu
Nyanja	Informatiki ya Afya	Informatiki ya Afya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2004	2017
Mwanzilishi	Judith H. Hibbard, Janice Stockard, Ellen R. Mahoney, Martin Tusler	Oliver Perski, Anna Blandford, Robert West, Susan Michie
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Hibbard, J. H., Stockard, J., Mahoney, E. R., & Tusler, M. (2004). Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): Conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and consumers. Health Services Research, 39(4), 1005–1026.	Perski, O., Blandford, A., West, R., & Michie, S. (2017). Conceptualising engagement with digital behaviour change interventions: a systematic review, meta-analysis and integrated framework. European Health Psychologist, 19(2), 519–552.
Majina mbadala	PES, Patient Engagement	mHealth Engagement, Mobile Health Engagement
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Patient Engagement Scale measures the degree to which patients take active responsibility for managing their health and healthcare. Developed by Hibbard and colleagues (2004), the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) operationalizes engagement as a progression from awareness of health issues through confident self-management, capturing the psychological, behavioural, and confidence dimensions essential for patient participation in shared decision-making and chronic disease management.	The Mobile Health Engagement Scale measures the extent to which individuals engage with mobile health applications and digital behaviour change interventions. Developed through systematic review and meta-analysis by Perski and colleagues (2017), it captures both behavioural and psychological dimensions of engagement—frequency of use, depth of interaction, and subjective satisfaction—essential for understanding the effectiveness of mHealth interventions in real-world settings.