Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Ushiriki wa Mgonjwa	Kiwango cha Kukubali Afya Dijitali
Nyanja	Informatiki ya Afya	Informatiki ya Afya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2004	1989
Mwanzilishi	Judith H. Hibbard, Janice Stockard, Ellen R. Mahoney, Martin Tusler	Fred D. Davis (Technology Acceptance Model); extended by Venkatesh et al. (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology)
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Hibbard, J. H., Stockard, J., Mahoney, E. R., & Tusler, M. (2004). Development of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM): Conceptualizing and measuring activation in patients and consumers. Health Services Research, 39(4), 1005–1026.	Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340.
Majina mbadala	PES, Patient Engagement	DHAS, Digital Health Acceptance
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Patient Engagement Scale measures the degree to which patients take active responsibility for managing their health and healthcare. Developed by Hibbard and colleagues (2004), the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) operationalizes engagement as a progression from awareness of health issues through confident self-management, capturing the psychological, behavioural, and confidence dimensions essential for patient participation in shared decision-making and chronic disease management.	The Digital Health Acceptance Scale measures the extent to which patients and providers perceive digital health technologies as useful, easy to use, and worth adopting. Grounded in Davis's Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and extended by Venkatesh and colleagues through the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the scale captures both intrinsic factors (usefulness, ease of use, subjective norms) and contextual factors (facilitating conditions, effort expectancy) that predict technology adoption and sustained use in healthcare settings.