Linganisha mbinu

	Patent Analysis	Horizon Scanning
Nyanja	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1994	2009
Mwanzilishi	Francis Narin (patent bibliometrics) and the patent-analytics community	William J. Sutherland, Effie Amanatidou, and the foresight/scanning community
Aina	Document-based technological-intelligence process	Systematic search-and-detection process
Chanzo asilia	Narin, F. (1994). Patent bibliometrics. Scientometrics, 30(1), 147-155.	Sutherland, W. J., & Woodroof, H. J. (2009). The need for environmental horizon scanning. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 24(10), 523-527.
Majina mbadala	Patent analytics, Patent bibliometrics, Patent landscaping	Environmental scanning, Weak-signal detection, Emerging-issues analysis
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Patent analysis, or patanalytics, mines the documents and metadata in patent databases to generate technological intelligence. Because patents are structured, dated, classified, and citation-linked records of inventive activity, analysing patent counts, citations, classification codes, applicants, and text reveals who is innovating where, in which technologies, how fields connect, and how the technological landscape is shifting—evidence that feeds competitive intelligence, R&D strategy, and foresight.	Horizon scanning is the systematic examination of information to detect early signs of potentially important developments—weak signals, emerging issues, and wild cards—before they become obvious or fully formed. By surveying a wide range of sources at the edge of current attention, it gives decision-makers advance warning of opportunities and threats and supplies the raw material for foresight, scenario building, and anticipatory policy.