Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Matumizi ya Mitandao ya Kijamii kwa Njia ya Kawaida	Kiwango cha Ukosefu wa Kujizuia Mtandaoni
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2018	2004
Mwanzilishi	Jae-Won Hur (and related work by Verduyn, Valkenburg, and others)	John Suler
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Hur, J.-W. (2018). The impact of using social media on reducing social isolation. The Internet and Higher Education, 38, 21–28.	Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321–326.
Majina mbadala	PSMUSES, Passive Use	ODES, Disinhibition Effect
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Passive Social Media Use Scale measures the extent to which individuals engage in passive consumption—scrolling, lurking, and observing others' content—versus active participation like posting, commenting, and messaging. Developed to distinguish between active (interactive) and passive (consumptive) social media behaviors, this scale recognizes that passive use patterns are associated with distinct psychological outcomes including reduced wellbeing and increased social comparison.	The Online Disinhibition Effect Scale measures the tendency for individuals to express themselves less inhibitedly online compared to face-to-face contexts, exhibiting increased aggression, profanity, emotional expression, and self-disclosure in digital environments. Developed by John Suler in 2004, this construct explains a core phenomenon of internet behavior: the reduced social constraint and increased behavioral extremity that characterize many online interactions.