Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Matumizi ya Mitandao ya Kijamii kwa Njia ya Kawaida	Kiwango cha Hofu ya Kukosa (FoMO Scale)
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2018	2013
Mwanzilishi	Jae-Won Hur (and related work by Verduyn, Valkenburg, and others)	Andrew K. Przybylski et al.
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Hur, J.-W. (2018). The impact of using social media on reducing social isolation. The Internet and Higher Education, 38, 21–28.	Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1841–1848.
Majina mbadala	PSMUSES, Passive Use	FoMO
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Passive Social Media Use Scale measures the extent to which individuals engage in passive consumption—scrolling, lurking, and observing others' content—versus active participation like posting, commenting, and messaging. Developed to distinguish between active (interactive) and passive (consumptive) social media behaviors, this scale recognizes that passive use patterns are associated with distinct psychological outcomes including reduced wellbeing and increased social comparison.	The FoMO Scale is a 10-item self-report instrument that measures the extent to which individuals experience anxiety or apprehension about missing out on social events, experiences, or information shared by others, particularly in social media contexts. Developed by Przybylski and colleagues in 2013, it quantifies this contemporary psychological phenomenon that has become increasingly relevant with the proliferation of digital communication platforms.