Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi Shirikishi wa Taswira	Uchanganuzi wa Kaida
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s (formalized participatory visual methods); Freire roots 1970s	2006
Mwanzilishi	Wang & Burris (photovoice tradition); broader roots in participatory action research (Fals-Borda, Freire)	Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke
Aina	Qualitative participatory research approach	Method
Chanzo asilia	Wang, C., & Burris, M. A. (1997). Photovoice: Concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment. Health Education and Behavior, 24(3), 369–387.	Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Majina mbadala	PVA, participatory visual methods, collaborative visual inquiry, community-based visual analysis	TA, Reflexive Thematic Analysis
Zinazohusiana	5	3
Muhtasari	Participatory Visual Analysis (PVA) is a qualitative research approach in which community members or research participants actively produce and interpret visual materials — photographs, drawings, videos, or maps — as a means of documenting their own experiences, surfacing knowledge, and informing action. Rather than the researcher imposing an analytical gaze on pre-existing images, participants are co-investigators who create visual data and participate in its interpretation, making the method both epistemologically democratic and particularly powerful for accessing marginalized or hard-to-articulate perspectives.	Thematic Analysis (TA) is a qualitative research methodology for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) in qualitative data. Developed systematically by Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke (2006), TA is flexible and accessible, applicable across diverse theoretical frameworks and data types, making it one of the most widely used qualitative methods in psychology, health research, and social sciences.