Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi Shirikishi wa Taswira	Uchunguzi Simulizi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s (formalized participatory visual methods); Freire roots 1970s	2000
Mwanzilishi	Wang & Burris (photovoice tradition); broader roots in participatory action research (Fals-Borda, Freire)	D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly
Aina	Qualitative participatory research approach	Method
Chanzo asilia	Wang, C., & Burris, M. A. (1997). Photovoice: Concept, methodology, and use for participatory needs assessment. Health Education and Behavior, 24(3), 369–387.	Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.
Majina mbadala	PVA, participatory visual methods, collaborative visual inquiry, community-based visual analysis	Narrative Analysis, Narrative Research, Life Story Method
Zinazohusiana	5	3
Muhtasari	Participatory Visual Analysis (PVA) is a qualitative research approach in which community members or research participants actively produce and interpret visual materials — photographs, drawings, videos, or maps — as a means of documenting their own experiences, surfacing knowledge, and informing action. Rather than the researcher imposing an analytical gaze on pre-existing images, participants are co-investigators who create visual data and participate in its interpretation, making the method both epistemologically democratic and particularly powerful for accessing marginalized or hard-to-articulate perspectives.	Narrative inquiry is a qualitative research methodology that treats stories and life narratives as primary data, analyzing how individuals construct meaning and identity through storytelling. Developed by D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly (2000), narrative inquiry examines the narratives people tell about their lives, experiences, and transitions, understanding that people make sense of experience through narrative.