Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi Shirikishi wa Alama	Uchanganuzi wa Mihadhara ya Multimodal
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Isimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s (formalized integration)	1996
Mwanzilishi	Draws on Peirce, Saussure, Barthes (semiotics) and Lewin, Fals Borda (participatory research); integrated form developed in social semiotics and PAR literature	Gunther Kress and Theo Van Leeuwen
Aina	Qualitative participatory analysis approach	Empirical process pipeline
Chanzo asilia	Kress, G., & van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (2nd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415319153	Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
Majina mbadala	PSA, community semiotic analysis, collaborative semiotic inquiry, participatory social semiotics	Multimodal Analysis, Semiotic Analysis
Zinazohusiana	4	2
Muhtasari	Participatory Semiotic Analysis (PSA) is a qualitative method that invites community members or research participants to actively co-analyze the signs, symbols, images, and texts that shape their social world. Combining the interpretive rigour of semiotic theory with the democratic ethos of participatory action research, PSA treats participants not as passive informants but as co-analysts who bring insider knowledge to the decoding of culturally embedded meanings.	Multimodal Discourse Analysis is a method for examining how meaning is created through the integration of multiple modes of communication: language, image, sound, gesture, and spatial arrangement. Developed by Gunther Kress, Theo Van Leeuwen, and others, this approach recognizes that in contemporary communication—from videos to websites to classrooms—meaning is rarely conveyed by language alone. By analyzing how text, visuals, sound, and other modes work together, multimodal analysis reveals how complex meanings are constructed.