Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Participatory Poverty Assessment× | Multidimensional Poverty Index× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja≠ | Development Studies | Uchumi |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2000 | 2011 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | World Bank (Deepa Narayan; Caroline Robb); building on Robert Chambers's participatory tradition | Sabina Alkire & James Foster |
| Aina≠ | Participatory qualitative poverty analysis method | Counting-based multidimensional poverty measure |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Narayan, D., Patel, R., Schafft, K., Rademacher, A., & Koch-Schulte, S. (2000). Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us? New York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank. ISBN: 9780195216011 | Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | PPA, Participatory Poverty Study, Voices of the Poor Method, Participatory Poverty Diagnosis | MPI, Alkire-Foster Method, Adjusted Headcount Ratio, Dual-Cutoff Multidimensional Poverty |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 4 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | A Participatory Poverty Assessment (PPA) is an instrument for understanding poverty from the perspective of poor people themselves, using participatory methods to elicit their own definitions, experiences, and priorities rather than imposing externally fixed indicators. Pioneered by the World Bank in the 1990s and made famous by the multi-country 'Voices of the Poor' study, the PPA combines participatory rural appraisal tools with a deliberate concern to influence policy, complementing rather than replacing the quantitative household surveys on which official poverty measurement rests. | The Multidimensional Poverty Index applies the Alkire-Foster method, introduced by Sabina Alkire and James Foster in 2011, to measure poverty as the joint deprivation of individuals across several dimensions such as health, education, and living standards. Its signature is a dual-cutoff identification: a person is deprived in an indicator if they fall below that indicator's cutoff, and they are counted as multidimensionally poor only if their weighted count of deprivations crosses a cross-dimensional cutoff k. The headline measure is the adjusted headcount ratio M0 = H times A, the product of the share of people who are poor (incidence) and the average breadth of their deprivations (intensity). |
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