Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Mbinu Shirikishi ya Historia Simulizi× | Utafiti wa Kimaadili× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja≠ | Mbinu za Uwandani | Mbinu za Kimaelezo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1970s–1990s (community oral history movement formalized) | c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific) |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Influenced by Alessandro Portelli, Sherna Berger Gluck, Paul Thompson, and development-oriented oral historians | Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology |
| Aina≠ | Qualitative participatory research | Qualitative fieldwork tradition |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Slim, H., & Thompson, P. (1993). Listening for a Change: Oral Testimony and Community Development. Panos Institute. link ↗ | Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462 |
| Majina mbadala | community oral history, collaborative oral history, participatory oral history, community-based oral history | Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Participatory oral history method is a qualitative research approach in which community members are not merely interview subjects but active co-investigators who help shape the research questions, conduct or co-conduct interviews, analyze narratives, and govern how the resulting record is used. Rooted in both the oral history tradition and participatory action research, it foregrounds community ownership, reciprocity, and the democratic production of historical knowledge from marginalized or underrepresented voices. | Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together. |
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