Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Utafiti Shirikishi wa Simulizi× | Utafiti Shirikishi× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja≠ | Mbinu za Kimaelezo | Utafiti wa Kimaelezo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2000s (Kurtz's PNI framework developed ~2005–2014) | 1946 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Cynthia Kurtz (systematic PNI framework); rooted in Clandinin & Connelly's narrative inquiry tradition | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury |
| Aina≠ | Participatory qualitative research design | Method |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass. ISBN: 978-0787943523 | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | PNR, participatory narrative inquiry, community narrative research, collaborative narrative research | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 5 | 1 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Participatory Narrative Research (PNR), often operationalized as Participatory Narrative Inquiry (PNI), is a qualitative research design in which community members or stakeholders collect, share, and collectively interpret their own stories to understand complex social phenomena. Unlike researcher-driven narrative approaches, PNR places participants at the center of data collection, analysis, and sense-making, generating actionable insights grounded in lived community experience. | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. |
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