Linganisha mbinu

	Participatory GIS	Participatory Mapping
Nyanja	Development Studies	Anthropology
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2006	1994
Mwanzilishi	Robert Chambers; Jon Corbett; PGIS practitioner community	Participatory rural appraisal tradition (Chambers)
Aina	Participatory spatial data and mapping approach	Participatory method in which community members produce maps of their own space
Chanzo asilia	Chambers, R. (2006). Participatory Mapping and Geographic Information Systems: Whose Map? Who is Empowered and Who Disempowered? Who Gains and Who Loses? The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 25(1), 1-11.	Chambers, R. (1994). The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal. World Development, 22(7), 953–969.
Majina mbadala	PGIS, PPGIS, Participatory mapping with GIS, Community mapping	Community Mapping, Participatory GIS, PGIS, Counter-Mapping
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS), and the related Public Participation GIS (PPGIS), are approaches in which communities themselves create and use spatial data and maps to represent local spatial knowledge for resource management, land and resource tenure, and planning. Spanning a continuum from sketch mapping with sticks and stones on the ground to georeferenced data held in formal GIS, the approach merges the empowering ethos of participatory development, articulated by Robert Chambers, with the analytical and communicative power of geographic information technology.	Participatory mapping is a family of methods in which community members themselves create maps of their territory, resources, land use, and boundaries — sketched on the ground or paper, drawn to scale, or built in a geographic information system. Rather than the researcher mapping the community from outside, local people hold the pen, so the map encodes their own spatial knowledge, categories, and claims. The products range from rough sketch maps made in an afternoon to participatory GIS (PGIS) layers that can stand in formal land negotiations.