Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi Shirikishi wa Mihadhara Muhimu	Uchanganuzi wa Mihadhara Muhimu
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s (emerged as integrated approach)	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
Mwanzilishi	Draws on Ruth Wodak, Norman Fairclough (CDA) and Kurt Lewin, Orlando Fals Borda (participatory action research)	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
Aina	Qualitative research design and analysis approach	Qualitative research method
Chanzo asilia	Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (Eds.). (2001). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761961543	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
Majina mbadala	PCDA, participatory CDA, collaborative critical discourse analysis, action-oriented CDA	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Participatory Critical Discourse Analysis (PCDA) integrates the ideology-exposing tools of Critical Discourse Analysis with the community-centred ethics of participatory action research. Researchers and community members jointly collect and analyse texts and talk to reveal how language constructs, legitimises, or contests unequal power relations — and then use those insights to drive concrete social change.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.