Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Ushiriki	Kiwalajumuisho cha Ushirikishwaji wa Jamii
Nyanja	Sayansi ya Urekebishaji	Sayansi ya Urekebishaji
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2006	1993
Mwanzilishi	van Brakel, Officer, Nicol	Willer, Rosenthal, Kreutzer, Gordon
Aina	Self-report or Interview	Self-report or Clinician-administered
Chanzo asilia	van Brakel, W. H., Officer, A., & Nicol, M. (2020). Handbook of Disability and Health Equity: Toward Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Frontiers Media. Chapter: Participation.	Willer, B., Rosenthal, M., Kreutzer, J. S., Gordon, W. A., & Rempel, R. (1993). Assessment of community integration following rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 9(2), 75–87.
Majina mbadala	P-Scale, Participation Scale (van Brakel)	CIQ, CIQ-3
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Participation Scale (P-Scale) is a brief, 8-item measure designed to assess restrictions in participation across social and occupational roles in people with chronic conditions or disabilities. Developed by van Brakel and colleagues, the P-Scale is widely used in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings and in global health research where conciseness and cross-cultural applicability are essential. It offers a quick, validated snapshot of how much a condition limits a person's engagement in work, self-care, communication, and social participation.	The Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) is a brief, validated instrument specifically designed to assess how well individuals with brain injury, spinal cord injury, or other disabling conditions have reintegrated into community life across home, social, and work domains. Originally developed in 1993 by Willer and colleagues, it operationalizes the WHO definition of 'participation' and has become the standard outcome measure in traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation and long-term follow-up studies.