Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Data wa Paneli wa Ruwaza za Anga	Kielelezo cha Hitilafu za Kina (SEM)
Nyanja	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1988-2014	1988
Mwanzilishi	Anselin, Elhorst, and colleagues in spatial econometrics	Anselin
Aina	Spatial panel regression	Spatial regression (spatially autocorrelated errors)
Chanzo asilia	Elhorst, J. P. (2014). Spatial Econometrics: From Cross-Sectional Data to Spatial Panels. Springer. ISBN: 978-3642403408	Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic.
Majina mbadala	spatial panel model, panel spatial econometrics, spatial panel data regression, PSR	SEM, spatial error regression, spatial autoregressive error model, Uzamsal Hata Modeli (SEM / Spatial Error)
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Panel Spatial Regression extends standard panel data models by explicitly accounting for spatial dependence among cross-sectional units observed over time. It combines the temporal control of panel fixed or random effects with a spatial weights matrix that encodes geographic or network proximity, yielding unbiased and efficient estimates when observations are spatially correlated across units.	The Spatial Error Model, developed within Anselin's spatial econometrics framework (1988), is a regression model that assumes spatial dependence enters through the error term: the disturbances of neighbouring units are correlated. It is used when unobserved shared factors make the errors of nearby observations move together, and it is estimated by maximum likelihood or GMM rather than ordinary least squares.