Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Kiotomatiki wa Kina wa Data za Paneli	Modeli wa Hitilafu za Kina za Paneli (Panel Spatial Error Model)
Nyanja	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1988–2003	1988 / 2003
Mwanzilishi	Anselin, L.; Elhorst, J. P.	Anselin (1988); extended to panels by Elhorst (2003, 2014)
Aina	Diagnostic test / exploratory statistic	Spatial econometric panel model
Chanzo asilia	Anselin, L. (2013). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Springer Netherlands. (Originally published 1988.) ISBN: 978-9401577991	Elhorst, J. P. (2014). Spatial Econometrics: From Cross-Sectional Data to Spatial Panels. Springer. ISBN: 978-3642403408
Majina mbadala	spatial autocorrelation in panel data, panel spatial dependence, spatio-temporal autocorrelation, cross-sectional dependence in panels	panel SEM, spatial error panel model, panel spatial autocorrelation error model, SEM panel
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Panel Spatial Autocorrelation measures whether observations that are geographically close also tend to have similar values across repeated time periods. It extends classic cross-sectional spatial autocorrelation statistics such as Moran's I to panel data, enabling researchers to detect spatial dependence consistently over time and to diagnose whether a panel regression model requires a spatial component.	The Panel Spatial Error Model (panel SEM) extends the classical spatial error model to panel data, allowing spatial dependence to enter through the error term across cross-sectional units over multiple time periods. It accounts for spatially correlated omitted variables without imposing a substantive spatial spillover in the outcome itself.