Linganisha mbinu

	Jopo la Kimahesabu cha Geary C cha Uhusiano wa Kimaeneo	Uchanganuzi wa Kiotomatiki wa Kina wa Data za Paneli
Nyanja	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo	Uchanganuzi wa Kimaeneo
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1954 (base); 2000s (panel extension)	1988–2003
Mwanzilishi	R. C. Geary (1954); panel extension in spatial econometrics literature	Anselin, L.; Elhorst, J. P.
Aina	Spatial autocorrelation statistic	Diagnostic test / exploratory statistic
Chanzo asilia	Geary, R. C. (1954). The contiguity ratio and statistical mapping. The Incorporated Statistician, 5(3), 115-145.	Anselin, L. (2013). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Springer Netherlands. (Originally published 1988.) ISBN: 978-9401577991
Majina mbadala	Geary's C for panel data, spatial Geary C panel, panel spatial contiguity ratio, panel Geary contiguity statistic	spatial autocorrelation in panel data, panel spatial dependence, spatio-temporal autocorrelation, cross-sectional dependence in panels
Zinazohusiana	4	5
Muhtasari	Panel Geary's C extends the classic Geary contiguity ratio to panel datasets, measuring spatial autocorrelation across georeferenced units (regions, cities, countries) observed over multiple time periods. It detects whether neighboring units tend to have similar values, pooling or averaging evidence across the temporal dimension to yield more powerful inference than a single cross-section.	Panel Spatial Autocorrelation measures whether observations that are geographically close also tend to have similar values across repeated time periods. It extends classic cross-sectional spatial autocorrelation statistics such as Moran's I to panel data, enabling researchers to detect spatial dependence consistently over time and to diagnose whether a panel regression model requires a spatial component.