Linganisha mbinu

	Panel Data Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity	Vigezo Husika vya Data ya Paneli (Panel IV / 2SLS)
Nyanja	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi	Uhitimisho wa Kisababishi
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2001 (fuzzy RDD); panel extension circa 2011	1978-1991
Mwanzilishi	Hahn, Todd & Van der Klaauw; extended to panel settings by Papay, Willett & Murnane and others	Hausman (1978); Anderson & Hsiao (1982); Arellano & Bond (1991)
Aina	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Causal inference / panel regression
Chanzo asilia	Hahn, J., Todd, P., & Van der Klaauw, W. (2001). Identification and Estimation of Treatment Effects with a Regression-Discontinuity Design. Review of Economic Studies, 68(1), 201-209.	Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
Majina mbadala	Panel Fuzzy RDD, Panel FRD, Fuzzy RD with Panel Data, Panel Fuzzy RD	Panel IV, Panel 2SLS, Within-IV, Fixed-Effects IV
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	Panel Data Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design (Panel FRD) extends the fuzzy RDD framework to settings where multiple observations per unit are available over time. It exploits a probabilistic — rather than deterministic — threshold-crossing rule to identify a local average treatment effect (LATE) while controlling for unit-level and time-level fixed effects, sharpening identification in repeated-measures contexts.	Panel data instrumental variables combines the bias-correcting power of instrumental variables (IV) with the within-unit variation exploited by panel data methods. It addresses endogeneity — omitted variables, reverse causation, or measurement error — in longitudinal settings where observations are repeated across units and time. Seminal contributions come from Hausman (1978) on specification testing and Arellano and Bond (1991) on GMM-based panel IV.