Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Katastrofiki cha Maumivu× | Maswali ya Maumivu ya McGill× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Tiba ya Maumivu | Tiba ya Maumivu |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1995 | 1975 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Michael J. Sullivan and Steven R. Bishop | Ronald Melzack |
| Aina≠ | Self-report questionnaire measuring catastrophic thinking about pain | Self-report questionnaire measuring multiple pain dimensions |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Sullivan, M.J., Bishop, S.R., & Pivik, J. (1995). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 524-532. DOI ↗ | Melzack, R. (1975). The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods. Pain, 1(3), 277-299. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | PCS, Catastrophizing Scale | MPQ, McGill Pain Index |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 4 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-report questionnaire developed by Sullivan, Bishop, and Pivik in 1995 to measure catastrophic thinking about pain—the tendency to magnify pain threat, ruminate about pain, and feel helpless in response to pain. Elevated catastrophizing predicts worse pain outcomes and is a key treatment target in cognitive-behavioral pain management. | The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) is a multidimensional pain assessment instrument developed by Ronald Melzack in 1975. It measures pain across sensory, affective, and evaluative dimensions, allowing clinicians and researchers to capture the qualitative experience of pain beyond simple intensity ratings. The MPQ remains one of the most widely used pain assessment tools in clinical and research settings. |
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