Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Katastrofiki cha Maumivu	Kiwango cha Tathmini ya Uhamishaji Mkuu
Nyanja	Tiba ya Maumivu	Tiba ya Maumivu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1995	2012
Mwanzilishi	Michael J. Sullivan and Steven R. Bishop	Tom G. Mayer, Ralph Neblett, and colleagues
Aina	Self-report questionnaire measuring catastrophic thinking about pain	Self-report screening inventory for central sensitization
Chanzo asilia	Sullivan, M.J., Bishop, S.R., & Pivik, J. (1995). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 524-532.	Mayer, T.G., Neblett, R., Cohen, H., et al. (2012). The development and psychometric validation of the Central Sensitization Inventory. Pain Practice, 12(4), 276-285.
Majina mbadala	PCS, Catastrophizing Scale	CSI, Central Sensitization Scale
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-report questionnaire developed by Sullivan, Bishop, and Pivik in 1995 to measure catastrophic thinking about pain—the tendency to magnify pain threat, ruminate about pain, and feel helpless in response to pain. Elevated catastrophizing predicts worse pain outcomes and is a key treatment target in cognitive-behavioral pain management.	The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a 25-item self-report screening instrument developed by Mayer and colleagues in 2012 to identify patients with central sensitization—a condition characterized by amplification of pain signaling and hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. The CSI captures the constellation of symptoms including widespread pain, sleep disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and autonomic dysregulation associated with central sensitization syndromes such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder.