Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kiwango cha Vipimo vya Hofu ya Maumivu (PASS)× | Kiwango cha Tathmini ya Uwezo wa Kuvumilia Maumivu× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Tiba ya Maumivu | Tiba ya Maumivu |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1996 | 1989 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Gordon J.G. Asmundson and colleagues | Michael K. Nicholas |
| Aina≠ | Self-report scale measuring anxiety symptoms in response to pain | Self-report questionnaire measuring self-efficacy beliefs about managing chronic pain |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | McWilliams, L.A., Asmundson, G.J., & Gauthier, N. (2006). Pain anxiety symptoms scale: Brief 20-item version (PASS-20). Journal of Pain, 7(7), 479-485. link ↗ | Nicholas, M.K. (1989). Self-efficacy and chronic pain. The American Psychological Association Annual Convention, New Orleans, LA. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | PASS, Anxiety Symptoms Scale | PSEQ, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire |
| Zinazohusiana | 4 | 4 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS) is a 20-item self-report instrument developed by Asmundson and colleagues in 1996 to measure anxiety symptoms specifically related to pain. The PASS captures fear of pain, avoidance behaviors, cognitive anxiety, and physiological anxiety responses that commonly accompany chronic pain and contribute to disability through fear-avoidance mechanisms. | The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) is a 10-item self-report instrument developed by Nicholas in 1989 to measure self-efficacy beliefs—a person's confidence in their ability to manage pain and function despite pain. Higher PSEQ scores predict better pain outcomes, less disability, and greater treatment success, making it a key measure in pain rehabilitation and psychological intervention research. |
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