Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Vipimo vya Hofu ya Maumivu (PASS)	Kiwango cha Tathmini ya Uhamishaji Mkuu
Nyanja	Tiba ya Maumivu	Tiba ya Maumivu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1996	2012
Mwanzilishi	Gordon J.G. Asmundson and colleagues	Tom G. Mayer, Ralph Neblett, and colleagues
Aina	Self-report scale measuring anxiety symptoms in response to pain	Self-report screening inventory for central sensitization
Chanzo asilia	McWilliams, L.A., Asmundson, G.J., & Gauthier, N. (2006). Pain anxiety symptoms scale: Brief 20-item version (PASS-20). Journal of Pain, 7(7), 479-485.	Mayer, T.G., Neblett, R., Cohen, H., et al. (2012). The development and psychometric validation of the Central Sensitization Inventory. Pain Practice, 12(4), 276-285.
Majina mbadala	PASS, Anxiety Symptoms Scale	CSI, Central Sensitization Scale
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS) is a 20-item self-report instrument developed by Asmundson and colleagues in 1996 to measure anxiety symptoms specifically related to pain. The PASS captures fear of pain, avoidance behaviors, cognitive anxiety, and physiological anxiety responses that commonly accompany chronic pain and contribute to disability through fear-avoidance mechanisms.	The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a 25-item self-report screening instrument developed by Mayer and colleagues in 2012 to identify patients with central sensitization—a condition characterized by amplification of pain signaling and hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. The CSI captures the constellation of symptoms including widespread pain, sleep disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and autonomic dysregulation associated with central sensitization syndromes such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder.