Linganisha mbinu

	Alama ya Goti ya Oxford	Kipimo cha Afya ya Mgonjwa-2
Nyanja	Huduma za Afya	Huduma za Afya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1998	2003
Mwanzilishi	David W. Murray and colleagues at University of Oxford	Kurt Kroenke, Robert L. Spitzer, and Janet B. Williams
Aina	Twelve-item knee function questionnaire	Two-item depression screening instrument
Chanzo asilia	Dawson, J., Fitzpatrick, R., Murray, D., & Carr, A. (1998). Questionnaire on the perceptions of patients about total knee replacement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 80(1), 63-69.	Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2003). The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener. Medical Care, 41(11), 1284-1292.
Majina mbadala	OKS, Oxford Score Knee	PHQ-2, Patient Health Questionnaire
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Oxford Knee Score (OKS) is a brief, validated self-report questionnaire developed by Murray and colleagues at the University of Oxford in 1998 to measure outcomes following knee replacement surgery. The OKS comprises 12 items assessing knee pain, knee-related functional limitations, and quality of life in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. It is the primary patient-reported outcome measure for knee replacement in international orthopedic research and clinical practice.	The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) is an ultra-brief, validated two-item screening instrument developed by Kroenke and colleagues in 2003 to identify major depression in primary care and medical populations. The PHQ-2 assesses the two cardinal symptoms of depression (depressed mood and anhedonia) over the past two weeks using a 0-3 frequency scale. It is the shortest validated depression screening tool enabling routine use in time-constrained clinical settings.