Linganisha mbinu

	Sifometri ya Orthodontic	Upigaji picha wa X-ray wa mbawa za kuumana (Bitewing Radiography)
Nyanja	Tiba ya Meno	Tiba ya Meno
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1931	1913 (original technique)
Mwanzilishi	Benjamin Broadbent	Multiple innovators, formalized in 20th century
Aina	Imaging and measurement technique	Radiographic examination
Chanzo asilia	Broadbent, B. H. (1931). A new x-ray technique and its application to orthodontia. Angle Orthodontist, 1(2), 45-66.	Ludlow, J. B., Davies-Ludlow, L. E., Brooks, S. L., & Howerton, W. B. (2006). Dosimetry of 3 intraoral digital imaging systems. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology, 101(2), 226-234.
Majina mbadala	cephalometric analysis, cephalometric radiography, cephalogram	bitewing X-ray, bitewings, posterior radiography
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Orthodontic cephalometry is a standardized radiographic technique that produces a lateral or postero-anterior skull radiograph from a fixed source-to-film distance and patient position. Introduced by Benjamin Broadbent in 1931, cephalometric analysis enables systematic measurement of skeletal and dental relationships to assess malocclusion, plan treatment, and monitor growth and treatment changes. The technique remains fundamental to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.	Bitewing radiography is a standard intraoral radiographic technique that captures the coronal portions of both maxillary and mandibular teeth in a single image, with the patient biting on a film holder or digital sensor. Introduced in the early 20th century and formalized as a diagnostic standard, bitewing radiographs are the primary image type for detecting approximal caries, monitoring alveolar bone level for periodontal disease assessment, and evaluating dental restorations and radiographic density changes. Digital bitewings have reduced radiation exposure and improved image quality and archiving.