Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Uchanganuzi wa Kiwango cha Uthibitisho wa Ordinal× | Nadharia ya Itikio la Kipengee (IRT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikometriki | Saikometriki |
| Familia | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1984 | 1952–1968 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Bengt O. Muthén | Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models) |
| Aina≠ | Latent variable / structural | Probabilistic measurement model |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Flora, D. B. & Curran, P. J. (2004). An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. Psychological Methods, 9(4), 466–491. DOI ↗ | Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | CFA for ordinal data, polychoric CFA, WLSMV CFA, categorical CFA | IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Ordinal confirmatory factor analysis (Ordinal CFA) tests a pre-specified factor structure when the observed indicators are ordinal — typically Likert-type survey items. By using polychoric correlations and robust estimators such as WLSMV, it avoids the bias that arises from treating categorical responses as continuous. | Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons. |
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