Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Mwelekeo wa Maisha Kilichorekebishwa	Kipimo cha Ustawi Kamili
Nyanja	Saikolojia Chanya	Saikolojia Chanya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1994	2010
Mwanzilishi	Michael Scheier and Charles Carver	Ed Diener
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing coping strategies from coping styles: A health psychological perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1061–1078.	Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97(2), 143–156.
Majina mbadala	LOT-R	FS
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Life Orientation Test – Revised (LOT-R) is a 10-item measure of dispositional optimism developed by Scheier, Carver, and Bridges in 1994. It assesses the general expectancy that good things (versus bad things) will happen in the future. Optimism, as measured by the LOT-R, predicts coping success, health outcomes, and psychological well-being independent of self-efficacy or other personality factors. The revised version addressed psychometric concerns in the original 1985 LOT, improving clarity and reducing item ambiguity.	The Flourishing Scale (FS) is an 8-item measure of human flourishing developed by Diener and colleagues in 2010. It assesses psychological well-being across core dimensions including purpose, social connection, competence, and engagement. The scale operationalizes Aristotle's concept of eudaimonia—the realization of human potential—and provides researchers with a brief, validated tool for quantifying overall psychological flourishing independent of life satisfaction or mood.