Linganisha mbinu

	Usimbaji Funguzi	Uchanganuzi wa Wigo
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1967 (Glaser & Strauss); refined 1990 (Strauss & Corbin)	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)
Mwanzilishi	Barney G. Glaser & Anselm L. Strauss (classic grounded theory); elaborated by Anselm Strauss & Juliet Corbin	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell
Aina	Qualitative research method	Method
Chanzo asilia	Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0803959408	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.
Majina mbadala	initial coding, open categorisation, substantive coding	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis
Zinazohusiana	6	2
Muhtasari	Open coding is the first, exploratory phase of qualitative data analysis in which raw text — interviews, field notes, or documents — is broken into discrete segments and labelled with short descriptive codes. Developed within grounded theory by Glaser and Strauss and later elaborated by Strauss and Corbin, the procedure is deliberately open and inductive: the analyst reads line-by-line without imposing a predetermined framework, allowing concepts to emerge directly from the data. The resulting codes are then compared and grouped into provisional categories that become the building blocks for subsequent, more selective analysis.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.