Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Dhana ya Ulinganifu wa Kijamii cha Iowa-Uholanzi	Kiwango cha Matumizi ya Mitandao ya Kijamii kwa Njia ya Kawaida
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1999	2018
Mwanzilishi	Frederick X. Gibbons and Bram P. Buunk	Jae-Won Hur (and related work by Verduyn, Valkenburg, and others)
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 129–142.	Hur, J.-W. (2018). The impact of using social media on reducing social isolation. The Internet and Higher Education, 38, 21–28.
Majina mbadala	INCOM, Gibbons-Buunk	PSMUSES, Passive Use
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM) is an 11-item self-report scale that assesses individual differences in the tendency to engage in social comparison—comparing oneself to others on abilities, attributes, and outcomes. Developed by Gibbons and Buunk in 1999, it captures both upward comparison (to those perceived as superior) and downward comparison (to those perceived as inferior), providing a trait-like measure of this fundamental social motivation.	The Passive Social Media Use Scale measures the extent to which individuals engage in passive consumption—scrolling, lurking, and observing others' content—versus active participation like posting, commenting, and messaging. Developed to distinguish between active (interactive) and passive (consumptive) social media behaviors, this scale recognizes that passive use patterns are associated with distinct psychological outcomes including reduced wellbeing and increased social comparison.