Linganisha mbinu

	Sampuli Rahisi ya Bahati Nasibu mtandaoni	Sampuli ya Nguzo za Mtandaoni
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	Late 1990s–2000s (digital adaptation)	Late 1990s–2000s (as internet surveys became prevalent)
Mwanzilishi	Adapted from classical simple random sampling (Neyman, 1934) for web/digital survey contexts; operationalised by survey methodology researchers from the late 1990s onward	Adapted from cluster sampling (Mahalanobis, Hansen & Hurwitz, 1940s) to online survey contexts
Aina	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling technique
Chanzo asilia	Couper, M. P. (2008). Designing Effective Web Surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521700535	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.
Majina mbadala	web simple random sampling, internet SRS, digital random sampling, online SRS	internet cluster sampling, web cluster sampling, digital cluster sampling
Zinazohusiana	5	4
Muhtasari	Online simple random sampling applies the logic of classical simple random sampling (SRS) to digital data collection: every member of a defined online population has an equal and independent probability of being selected, and the survey is administered via web platform, email link, or online panel. The approach combines the statistical rigour of probability sampling with the speed and cost advantages of internet-based survey delivery.	Online cluster sampling applies the classic cluster sampling logic to internet-based research: naturally occurring digital groups — such as online communities, email lists, forum memberships, or institutional user registries — serve as clusters, and selected clusters are surveyed in full or partially via web-based instruments. It offers a practical route to probability-based online samples when no complete list of individuals exists but lists of digital groups are accessible.