Linganisha mbinu

	Kikundi cha Mtandaoni	Utafiti wa Utafiti Mtandaoni
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Metodolojia ya Dodoso
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1946 (focus groups); online variant ~1990s–2000s	Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)
Mwanzilishi	Robert Merton & Patricia Kendall (focus group origins); online adaptation by scholars including Stewart & Shamdasani in the 1990s	Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)
Aina	Qualitative group data collection	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique
Chanzo asilia	Stewart, D. W., & Shamdasani, P. N. (2017). Online Focus Groups. Journal of Advertising, 46(1), 48–60.	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.
Majina mbadala	virtual focus group, internet focus group, OFG, web-based focus group	web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	An online focus group is a moderated group discussion conducted via internet-based platforms — video conferencing, text chat, or asynchronous forums — to explore shared perceptions, attitudes, and experiences on a defined topic. It inherits the group-interaction dynamics of the traditional focus group while removing geographic barriers and enabling data collection from dispersed or hard-to-reach populations.	An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today.